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发表于 2008-1-7 20:24
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Wonderfully Inefficient 完美的无效
很多人在讨论价值投资是不是有效。这里我节选一些外行的观点。
有一个老笑话,讲2个鞋业推销员被派到一个荒岛上,一个回来汇报公司说坏消息,当地人不穿鞋,没有市场,另外一个汇报公司说当地人不穿鞋,特大喜讯,是个巨大的市场。
中国市场的混乱。其实是对价值投资的最好消息。外行称为Wonderfully Inefficient (完美的无效)
关键是价值投资在中国被某些基金劫持了概念。
发明1蓝这词的人该拉出去枪毙。
China's markets aren't for the faint-hearted, says investor Winson Fong. The Shanghai and Shenzhen benchmark indexes slid to six-and eight-year lows on March 30, after a four-year slump that has reduced them to about half of their June 2001 peaks.
``There are extraordinary risk factors,'' says Fong, the chief investment officer at Societe Generale SA's asset- management unit in Singapore. ``There's no clear direction about when and how the government will deal with untradable shares.''
Fong has plowed $250 million of the $2.3 billion he manages for the Paris-based lender into Chinese company shares -- almost all of them listed in Hong Kong, he says. Just 1.4 percent of the $250 million bought yuan stocks in China. So-called nontradable shares are owned principally by municipal, provincial and central governments and state-owned enterprises. Nontradable shares can be bought and sold only outside the exchanges.
`Wonderfully Inefficient
Through these holdings, the state controls 64 percent of the 1,379 companies that have raised funds by selling A shares, denominated
in yuan, on the 14-year-old Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, according to TX Investment Consulting Co., a Beijing-based
researcher.
A shares are restricted to domestic buyers and 26 international investors approved under China's Qualified Foreign Institutional
Investor program. B shares, denominated in U.S. and Hong Kong dollars, can be traded by all investors.
Only 32 percent of the share capital of all listed companies was tradable at the end of last year, according to the Beijing- based China
Securities Regulatory Commission.
``China is a wonderfully inefficient market,'' says Pieter Van Putten, the managing director at APS Asset Management Pte in Singapore.
``It's the perfect market for adding value through active management.'' APS runs an A-share fund.
The government's policy of retaining control of publicly traded state companies undermines corporate governance, says Lin Yixiang, 41,
president of the Beijing-based Securities Analysts Association of China.
Illegal Guarantees
The Shanghai Stock Exchange said Oct. 6 that controlling shareholders at 180 companies illegally used stock to guarantee debts in the
first half of 2004. As a result, 64 businesses revised their earnings reports and 51 others provided additional information, the exchange
said. It didn't name the companies.
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange said Sept. 29 that 311 of 505 listed companies guaranteed a total of $5 billion in loans during the same
period. Of that amount, $1.58 billion was guaranteed illegally, the exchange said. It also didn't name the companies.
Controlling shareholders ``took'' a total of $6.9 billion from listed companies in the first half, the exchanges said.
"State-owned" literally means owned by every Chinese citizen, but in reality it equals nobody's ownership and the absence of accountability,'' Lin says.
`Negotiate Rather Than Dictate'
Companies often lend money raised in share sales to parent companies and buy parent-company assets at inflated prices, according to a 2003 report by the Shanghai exchange's research center.
Exchanges only notify companies and publicly criticize them for misconduct, says Hu Ruyin, the center's director.
``The most effective measure would be to allow shareholders to bring lawsuits against those wrongdoers,'' Hu says. ``They aren't allowed right now.''
By comparison, the New York Stock Exchange can censure, fine, suspend, expel or bar companies that violate exchange rules or federal securities laws.
China's securities regulator has the power to delist, fine and censure offending companies, says Stephen Green, senior economist in Shanghai at London-based Standard Chartered Plc. It rarely does, he says.
``Listed companies are mostly state-owned, so the regulator has to negotiate rather than dictate its regulatory response,'' Green says.
Dai Biao, a spokesman for the regulator, declined to comment or reply to e-mailed questions.
Withdrawal Restrictions
On Dec. 30 last year, police arrested five executives at state-controlled Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., China's largest dairyproducts maker, on fraud charges, the company reported Jan. 4 to the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Chairman Zheng Junhuai and four managers allegedly embezzled funds to set up separate companies in a bid to buy Hohhot-based Yili, the China Securities Journal, a state-run daily newspaper, reported Dec. 21.
Market weaknesses aside, restrictions on getting money out of China also can deter buyers. Under the institutional program, investors must keep yuan investments and earnings in the country for a year. They are allowed to buy and sell securities in that time through. |
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