xingjw 发表于 2016-5-16 12:34

1966年5月16日文化大革命开始

毛泽东检阅红卫兵的车队行进在长安街上

1966年5月16日,中共中央政治局会议通过了由毛泽东主持起草的《中国共产党中央委员会通知》(简称《五一·六通知》)。它针对同年2月中共中央转发的《文化革命五人小组关于当前学术讨论的汇报提纲》(即《二月提纲》),提出了进行“文化大革命”的一整套理论、方针和政策;宣布撤销《二月提纲》和“文化革命五人小组”及其办事机构,重新设立在政治局常委领导下的中央文化革命小组(即“中央文革”)。

1966年夏,毛泽东、林彪在天安门城楼上

“通知”提出向党、政、军、文各界的“资产阶级代表人物”开展彻底批判,夺取文化领域中的领导权。指混进党里、政府里、军队里和文化界的资产阶级代表人物,是一批反革命的修正主义分子,一旦时机成熟,他们就要夺取政权,把无产阶级专政变为资产阶级专政。赫鲁晓夫那样的人物,现正睡在我们的身旁,各级党委必须充分注意这一点。这些结论成为发动“文化大革命”的指导方针。

毛泽东、林彪与红卫兵在一起

1966年8月18日毛泽东佩戴红卫兵袖章,在北京城楼首次检阅红卫兵。

转载:http://news.163.com/05/0516/13/1JSJLM500001125I.html

“文化大革命”指1966年5月至1976年10月在中国由毛泽东发动和领导的政治运动。其发展过程分为三个阶段。

第一阶段:1966年5月“文化大革命”的发动到1969年4月中国共产党第九次全国代表大会的召开。这一阶段的中心任务,是摧毁所谓“资产阶级司令部”,向走资本主义道路的当权派“夺权”;目的是所谓变“资产阶级专政为无产阶级专政”;运动表现为“怀疑一切”、“打倒一切”、“全面内战”。

1966年5月中央政治局扩大会议和同年8月八届十一中全会的召开是“文化大革命”全面发动的标志。两次会议相继通过了《五.一六通知》和《关于无产阶级文化革命的决定》,对所谓“彭真、罗瑞卿、陆定一、杨尚昆”反党集团和“刘少奇、邓小平司令部”进行了错误的批判。根据《五·一六通知》,5月28日中共中央发出通知:设立中央文化革命小组,由陈伯达任组长、康生等任顾问,江青、张春桥等任副组长,并规定“中央文革小组”“隶属于政治局常委之下”,以后,文革小组逐步取代中央政治局和中央书记处,成为“文化大革命”的实际指挥机构。

八届十一中全会后,全国掀起批判“资产阶级反动路线”的狂潮,矛头直指刘少奇、邓小平。红卫兵突起,并在全国范围内进行“大串连”,他们把中央文革的旨意带到各地,带动了各地的动乱,使地方党组织陷于瘫痪。1966年10月5日,中共中央转发中央军委、总政治部的紧急指示,宣布取消“军队院校的文化大革命运动在撤出工作组后由院校党委领导的规定”。从此,全国掀起了“踢开党委闹革命”的浪潮,除野战部队外,各级党委陷入瘫痪,基层党组织停止活动。接着,毛泽东主持召开以批判“资产阶级反动路线”为主题的工作会议,点名批判刘少奇、邓小平,强调让群众自己教育自己,自己解放自己。会后,全国掀起批判资产阶级反动路线的高潮。同年12月,中共中央发出《关于抓革命、促生产的十条规定》(草案)和《关于农村无产阶级文化大革命的指示》(草案),规定业余时间由群众安排搞文化大革命,其方法也是采用“四大”。全国大动乱局面开始形成。

1967年1月6日,以王洪文为首的“上海工人革命造反总司令部”等造反组织在江青、陈伯达、张春桥等策动下召开“打倒上海市委大会”,夺了上海市委的权,这就是“一月风暴”。1月8日,毛泽东表示支持并号召夺权,全国内乱由此加剧。

1967年1月至2月间,在中央召开的不同会议上,老一辈无产阶级革命家对“文化大革命”的错误作法表示强烈不满,对林彪、江青一伙诬陷迫害老干部、乱党、乱军的罪恶活动进行斗争。康生一伙向毛泽东作了片面汇报。毛泽东批评了参与斗争的老同志,二月抗争被诬之为“二月逆流”。

二月抗争被否定后,全面内战,打倒一切的风潮愈演愈烈,在林彪、江青、康生一伙的操纵下,还掀起了所谓揪叛徒运动、“革命大批判”运动、清理阶级队伍等,制造了刘少奇、陶铸、彭德怀、贺龙等无数冤案。到1968年9月5月,全国29个省、市、自治区先后建立了革命委员会,实现了所谓“全国一片红”。

1968年10月,中共八届扩大的十二中全会对“文化大革命”的理论和实践作了完全的肯定。全会决定把刘少奇永远开除出党。全会通过的《中国共产党章程(草案)》规定“林彪是毛泽东同志的亲密战友和接班人”。

1969年4月,中国共产党第九次全国代表大会召开。林彪在会上作了“无产阶级专政下继续革命理论”的政治报告,林彪、江青一伙的骨干分子进入中央政治局,大大加强了他们在党中央的势力。

第二阶段:从1969年4月中共九大的召开到1973年8月中共十大的召开。这一阶段的主要内容,是林彪反革命集团阴谋夺取最高权力,策动反革命政变被粉碎。这一事件客观上宣告了“文化大革命”的失败。此后,周恩来主持中央日常工作,使各项工作有了转机。

党的九大以后,全国进入“斗、批、改”阶段。这一阶段的中心是要彻底否定所谓“修正主义路线”,贯彻九大方针,把全国各方面工作纳入“文化大革命”的轨道。这一阶段继续开展“革命大批判”;继续“清队”,进行“一打三反”,清查“五·一六”分子,使清队工作扩大化。而精简机构、下放干部,走所谓“五·七”道路,使大批干部、知识分子受到迫害。“教育革命”又造成了教育质量普遍下降和教学秩序的混乱。1971年,江青炮制的《全国教育工作会议纪要》,严重压抑了广大知识分子的积极性。

1971年9月,林彪集团的反革命政变被粉碎后,周恩来在毛泽东支持下主持中央日常工作,在政治、经济、外交等方面采取了许多措施,使各方面的工作有了转机。但遭到江青一伙的攻击。毛泽东也认为当时的任务仍然是反对“极右”,从而使批“左”的正确意见被否定,“左”倾错误继续发展。

1973年8月,中国共产党第十次全国代表大会在北京召开。大会继承了九大的“左”倾错误和指导方针,王洪文当了党中央副主席。江青、张春桥、姚文元、王洪文在中央政治局内结成了“四人帮”,使江青反革命集团的势力又得到了加强。

第三阶段:从1973年8月中共十大召开到1976年10月“四人帮”被粉碎。

1973年7月,毛泽东提倡批林批孔,以维护“文化大革命”。1974年1月初,江青、王洪文提出开展“批林批孔”运动,得到毛泽东的批准。江青一伙借机把矛头指向周恩来,以实现其篡党夺权的阴谋。毛泽东及时发现江青等人的阴谋,对他们作了严厉批评,宣布他们是“四人帮”,并指出江青有当党中央主席和“组阁”的野心,使其阴谋受挫。

1975年初,四届人大确定了以周恩来为总理,邓小平等为副总理的国务院人选。会后,周恩来病重,邓小平在毛泽东、周恩来支持下主持中央日常工作。他先后召开了军委扩大会议和解决工业、农业、交通、科技等方面的一系列会议,着手对许多方面的工作进行整顿,使形势有了明显好转。但是,毛泽东不能容忍邓小平系统地纠正“文化大革命”的错误,先是号召学习“无产阶级专政理论”,继而发动了“批邓、反击右倾翻案风”运动。

1976年1月8日,周恩来逝世,全国人民以各种方式进行悼念活动,“四人帮”却竭力压制,加上“批邓、反击右倾翻案风”运动的继续,激起了民愤。北京、南京、太原等地群众自发地发动了悼念周总理、反对“四人帮”的声势浩大的群众运动。中央政治局和毛泽东对天安门事件的性质作了错误判断,将其定为“反革命事件”,并错误地处理了邓小平。

1976年9月9日,毛泽东逝世,“四人帮”加快了反革命步伐。王洪文企图取代党中央的领导。同时向上海民兵分发武器,为叛乱作准备。10月4日,《光明日报》登载“四人帮”炮制的文章《永远按毛主席的既定方针办》,伪造所谓“按既定方针办”的毛主席临终嘱咐,图谋执掌党和国家的最高领导权。以华国锋、叶剑英、李先念等为核心的中央政治局,粉碎了江青反革命集团,从根本上挽救了党、挽救了革命,结束了“文化大革命”这场灾难。1977年8月,在中国共产党第十一次全国代表大会上,党中央正式宣布“文化大革命”结束。

1981年6月中共十一届六中全会通过的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》指出:“1966年5月至1976年10月的‘文化大革命’,使党、国家和人民遭到建国以来最严重的挫折和损失。”“‘文化大革命’的历史,证明毛泽东同志发动‘文化大革命’的主要论点既不符合马克思列宁主义,也不符合中国实际。”“实践证明,‘文化大革命’不是也不可能是任何意义上的革命或社会进步。”它“是一场由领导者错误发动,被反革命集团利用,给党、国家和各族人民带来严重灾难的内乱。”

股海浪子78 发表于 2016-5-16 13:43

顶老师一下

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-16 16:36

About W D Gann and George Bayer

This section contains an overview of the life and work of Gann and Bayer, together with some general observations, prepared by our researchers. If you have spent any time at all around the industry 'traps', you are likely to have at least heard of W D Gann, or William Delbert Gann, and more likely you would have heard a chorus of Gann enthusiasts putting the man high on a pedestal. There are claims he was the greatest trader ever. But you will know all these things if you know about Gann.

However, if you are new to trading, or new to the use of cycles in determining market movements, you may not even have heard of him, or his claim to fame. The striking thing about Gann is that his work has created two distinct groups with views diametrically opposed. That group mentioned earlier, revere him. To them he is the greatest forecaster who ever lived, he is the greatest trader who ever lived, and he made the greatest amount of money trading, of any trader. On the other side of the fence, the non believers have equally strong views; that his work is a lot of mumbo-jumbo and has little value in making money from markets in these modern times. In fairness, such strong views generally reside with those who you detect may harbour just a touch of bias against anything that is esoteric in nature.

A more representative depiction of the attitude of the non believers could be summed up by the following observation. Reading statements in Jack Schwager's wonderful books, 'Market Wizards', there are references from two modern-day traders, who, incidentally, could justifiably claim to be two of the best on record in any era, Ed Seykota and William Eckhart. Both these super traders make the very valid point that Gann's 'lines', the ones that radiate out from tops and bottoms at various key angles, can be of little value since their position is dependant on the time/price relationship determined by scale (change the scale of a chart by even a small increment and the position of all the subsequent price bars change position).

In reverse, what you can do is adjust your scale so that a market very conveniently responds to the Gann lines. Here is what William Eckhardt had to say about this matter: "If you wanted your computer system to be cognizant of slope, you would have to program this feature into it. At that point, it would become abundantly clear that the slope value depends directly on the choice of units and scales for the time and price axes."

And we quote Jack Schwager himself on this question, a man I would think is suitably qualified to comment on trading methodologies since he has spent much time and effort studying this subject and talking to the world's top traders. "I have always been amazed by how many people are oblivious to the time scale-dependent nature of chart angles or unconcerned about its ramifications. My realization of the inherent arbitrariness of slope of line methods is precisely why I've never been willing to spend five minutes on Gann angles or the works by the proponents of his methodology."

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-16 16:36

We agree with the detail of this assessment (although we detect Schwager is displaying a hint of scepticism toward any method that has as its basis cycles, or, dare we say the word, astro, and therefore feel he may not be an impartial judge). That said, though, it is a fundamental truth that does make Gann lines very subjective indeed.

It would be okay if Gann had given students a method by which they could standardize scale, a magic formula that could be applied uniformly to all markets at all times and would consequently show that markets did, in fact, respond to the Gann angles. But in all the Gann material we have studied we did not find a way to do this, and furthermore, we have not seen any purveyor of Gann methodology come up with a way to standardize scale.

During our early years of research, we were trying to pick tops and bottoms with the 'Gann square of 12', an acrylic square of about 24 inches and overlaid with the angles of trend that Gann maintained were key. We guess it is fair to say that it is not important to anyone that we could not make it work. Maybe it indicates the level of our research abilities, but we do agree with Seykota and Eckhardt about its subjectivity.

(An interesting aside is that we have a copy of an original letter from Gann to one of his clients that was included in some of Gann's manuscript material, in which he is offering to sell this new tool for the sum of $4,000. we don't know how much 4,000 1930's dollars would represent in today's money, but it would be an awful lot of money and this shows just how much money Gann must have made from marketing his tools and services. It makes our modern day marketers of trading systems look decidedly small minded.)

But if the likes of Seykota, Eckhardt and Schwager are basing their assessment of Gann just on the Gann lines, then we believe they are making a fundamental error of judgement. In fact, we would go as far as to say that anyone judging Gann just by one or two aspects of his work cannot make a worthwhile judgement. The real secrets of Gann were hidden.

Gann states this himself, and it is logical to assume this. Almost anyone possessing knowledge as powerful as Gann obviously did is not going to openly reveal these secrets to the general public. And whilst we have not been successful understanding much of Gann's work, there is one subject Gann studied about which we do understand very well. It is the elliptical cycles, the cornerstone of the money making charts service.

When you have studied Gann's work, you get the feeling that there is something missing. We believe Gann didn't openly reveal his best tools, and we believe elliptical cycles are one component he deliberately did not reveal. So, what is the truth? Did Gann make a lot of money from markets? Could he forecast the future price of markets? If he was flying around in his private, chauffeur-driven, plane (as he did); did the money to pay for that come from trading or marketing?

There doesn't seem to be conclusive evidence that Gann did make a lot of money from trading, but that's not to say he didn't. It is claimed by some that his son, John, who worked in his father's business for some years, maintained that W D Gann was unsuccessful making money from trading, but successful making money from marketing his services. But this claim does not appear to be verified. There is evidence that Gann left a miserably small estate when he died - a figure of something like $150,000. But even that does not prove he didn't make millions from trading.

So, it can be seen there is a lot of mystery in the public arena about this aspect of Gann's life. But on the question of forecasting future price, there is no doubt about Gann's ability. Here there is abundant evidence of his unique prowess. One only needs to read his market forecast for the year 1929 to appreciate this. It is a very detailed, expansive document that shows at least that an awful lot of scientific work had gone into its compilation. Gann could, and did, predict price levels, sometimes with time window attachments, that turned out to be incredibly accurate.

We have not seen anyone attempt these feats since, with the exception of his contemporary, George Bayer. So, if Gann could do this, surely he must have taken considerable profits from trading. Granted, it doesn't follow that a good forecaster will automatically become a profitable trader. This may come as a surprise to some, but ask any successful futures trader about this and we are sure he will agree. The best forecast in the world can produce a loss if trade management is not executed with expertise. But we can't imagine that a man with Gann's knowledge and experience didn't have an excellent grasp of trade management. After all, he wrote books on the subject. In a nutshell, when you look at the incredible accuracy of his documented forecasts, together with the few verifiable trading records on hand, you cannot draw any other conclusion that he would have had to be the biggest dill in the world not to have made a fortune trading during his career.

Gann did not obtain his knowledge from within. He studied ancient writings to obtain his knowledge. He was a 're-discoverer' of knowledge, knowledge that had been hidden during the previous centuries for reasons that we can only speculate. And like Gann, George Bayer based his life-long studies on much the same source of knowledge. If you hadn't heard of Gann before now, then you are much less likely to have heard of George Bayer. I suspect that there are many out there with a reasonable knowledge of Gann and his work and who have not heard of George Bayer.

On the one hand, there's an industry built up around Gann and his work, while at the same time Bayer is known by very few. This is somewhat surprising because in our view the work Bayer did, during much the same period as Gann, is much less subjective than was Gann's. We can read Bayer's manuscripts and make sense of most subjects he deals with. The same cannot be said of Gann's writings.

Maybe Bayer's comparative obscurity has less to do with the value of his work but more to do with Gann's undoubted marketing drive and flair. Bayer did market his services because he refers to having 300 clients taking his forecasts, but there is no evidence that Bayer sold courses and products to anywhere near the extent that Gann did, let alone at the prices. In reading the work of the two men we can get a handle on the type of person Bayer was and we get the impression it would not have been in his nature to push marketing beyond a respectable point; in fact, in his writings he is critical of those who do.

Whilst one can find a reasonable amount of information about Gann from books and the internet, the same is not true of Bayer. Little information is available about his life. We know a fair bit about his work but not much about his life. We understand that he emigrated from Germany , arriving in New York , probably at the turn of the 20 th century. He wrote a book called George Wollsten, the object of which we are sure was an exercise in writing a story in code form, a story behind which there is a hidden message, information on how to calculate the natural cycles of markets.

It is said that the veneer in this book depicts his life. To what extent this is true, we can't be sure, but it seems likely that he started out as a stock broker in New York , gravitated to analysis and became interested in the effect of natural cycles on markets. Later he moved to California and lived in Carmel by the Sea. He was an avid researcher. He spent most of his adult life researching his subject, from dawn until the small hours of the morning, day in, day out, until he died during the mid fifties, somewhat before his three score plus ten. Bayer's forecasts were as incredible as were Gann's. They are documented so there is no question about their accuracy. Bayer often predicted the high of a market to within a whisker, and right on the day. From what we have seen of the forecasts of both men, they stand as equals.

But in the area of research, we think Bayer stands tall. Bayer's whole life was research, while Gann diverted his attention to other fields from time to time. As to Bayer's trading record, there seems to be even less evidence on this matter than was the case for Gann. But the same could be true about Bayer. He was such an incredible forecaster he, like Gann, must have made money from the markets where he wanted. Based on our understanding of Bayer it was that he didn't court money and fame to the extent that Gann did.

We think Bayer traded to pay the bills and cover a few conservative luxuries. Research is what drove Bayer, not money. He did seek recognition for his work, though. Although he did not like to enter into the public arena, there were occasions he went against this and we are sure it was because he wanted other people to know the truth about cycles. Although contemporaries, there is no evidence the two men ever met. Therefore, we find it interesting that they both shared knowledge of elliptical cycles. Of course, Bayer referred to these in his manuscripts, but there is no mention in any Gann material we have seen. So, there you have it, our take on the two men we believe possessed valuable knowledge on the effect of natural cycles on man and markets.

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-16 16:36

The real secrets of Gann were hidden. We believe Gann didn't openly reveal his best tools, and we believe elliptical cycles are one component he deliberately did not reveal.
“江恩真正的秘密隐藏了”,“我们认为江恩并没有公开他最好的交易工具,elliptical cycles 就是江恩故意没有公开的秘密的其中之一。”

. From what we have seen of the forecasts of both men, they stand as equals. But in the area of research, we think Bayer stands tall.
“在预测方面,两人旗鼓相当;而在研究领域,拜耳略胜一筹。”

That said, though, it is a fundamental truth that does make Gann lines very subjective indeed. 一个基本的事实就是江恩的角度线事实上带有非常的主观性。

It would be okay if Gann had given students a method by which they could standardize scale, a magic formula that could be applied uniformly to all markets at all times and would consequently show that markets did, in fact, respond to the Gann angles. But in all the Gann material we have studied we did not find a way to do this, and furthermore, we have not seen any purveyor of Gann methodology come up with a way to standardize scale.
如果江恩告诉他的学生一套方法能够是刻度标准化,或者一个魔法公式能够在任何时候统一地应用到任何市场中,并且最终显示市场确实符合江恩角度线。但是在所有我们研究过的江恩的资料里,我们并没有找到真正有效的方法。而且,我们从未看到任何江恩方法的继承者提出过一种标准化刻度的方法。

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-16 16:41

最近我在看看和江恩同时代的乔治拜耳写的书,乔治拜耳不是共济会员,他写的书比江恩更通俗一些,但是他的写作是另外一种风格,而且说得比江恩要直白很多。

就金融占星方面而言,读读乔治拜耳的书比读江恩的著作可能更容易找到 “门”在哪里。

songwave 发表于 2016-5-16 17:39

谢谢~又有可学的了。

股氏春秋2 发表于 2016-5-16 19:21

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-16 16:41
最近我在看看和江恩同时代的乔治拜耳写的书,乔治拜耳不是共济会员,他写的书比江恩更通俗一些,但是他的写 ...

老师给我们介绍介绍这个乔治拜耳啊{:7_304:}
{:7_309:}{:7_309:}{:7_309:}

金刚123abc 发表于 2016-5-16 20:40

非常感谢前辈{:7_317:}

michael0203 发表于 2016-5-16 22:04

{:7_317:}

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-17 12:31

凡事都有定期,天下万物都有定时

本帖最后由 xingjw 于 2016-5-17 12:32 编辑

《传道书》是所罗门晚年写成的智慧之书, 有兴趣的朋友不妨仔细读读。

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
传 3:1 凡事都有定期,天下万物都有定时。
传 3:2 生有时,死有时;栽种有时,拔出所栽种的也有时;
传 3:3 杀戮有时,医治有时;拆毁有时,建造有时;
传 3:4 哭有时,笑有时;哀恸有时,跳舞有时;
传 3:5 拋掷石头有时,堆聚石头有时;怀抱有时,不怀抱有时;
传 3:6 寻找有时,失落有时;保守有时,舍弃有时;
传 3:7 撕裂有时,缝补有时;静默有时,言语有时;
传 3:8 喜爱有时,恨恶有时;争战有时,和好有时。
传 3:9 这样看来,做事的人在他的劳碌上有甚么益处呢?

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-17 12:38

本帖最后由 xingjw 于 2016-5-17 12:48 编辑

If a person or a stock is born at the moment when Mars is in square aspect to Jupiter, i.e. they are then 90 degrees apart, then each and every time these two planets obtain a similar position in the heaven, his body will feel this and produce highly increased vibrations. These vibrations will always act and express themselves equally and will be of a nature that is peculiar to Mars and Jupiter in such aspect.
拜耳认为,如果一个人出生的时候,火星和木星成四分相位。那么当每一次火星和土星再次呈现四分刑相的时候,这个人的身体就会有特殊的感觉并且产生强烈的情绪波动。因为这些火星和土星的四分刑相总是表现出相同的特性,并且这种振动表现的性质只有火星和木星相刑的时候才会出现。

Experiments made during the ascent of Prof. Piccard and others into the stratosphere have definitely proven that cosmic rays, whether coming from planets or from fixed stars, act day and night and are of such intensity, that they are able to penetrate a solid mass of lead one hundred feet thick, or a mass of water fifteen hundred feet deep. We have absolutely no protection against them. Every atom is penetrated by these rays, by these vibrations.
Piccard教授做了一些实验,他发现当上升到空气的平流层的时候,通过实验可以证明某些宇宙的射线是否来自太阳系的行星还是来自恒星。这些射线无论白天还是黑夜都有如此的强度,以至于他们能够穿透100度英尺的金属铅固体物质,也能够穿过1500多英尺的水体。 我们人体绝对没有任何的保护, 所以这些宇宙射线能够穿透人体的每一个原子。

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-17 12:51

股氏春秋2 发表于 2016-5-16 19:21
老师给我们介绍介绍这个乔治拜耳啊

本周末5.22日是火星冲日的时间,你能否查找一下最近几次火星冲日前后几天,市场的表现如何?

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-17 13:01

拜耳说,我们必须要牢记,这些来自宇宙的射线的数量会不断改变。有些时候,综合的宇宙射线会产生负面不好的作用。而在其他时候,综合的射线表现出正面积极的作用。

假定一个负面不好的宇宙射线作用在地球上, 那么地球上每个人都会被这种射线所影响。 恐惧的情绪会出现并且大众会尽可能快的卖出股票,从而导致市场下跌。另一个方面,假如积极正面的射线作用的地球上,大众会认为一切都是美好的,他们就开始买入股票,推高股票市场的价格。如果这种积极正面的射线能够持续发展,那么这种合适的条件就会产生一个缓慢推升的牛市行情。


yulastone 发表于 2016-5-17 13:05

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-17 12:51
本周末5.22日是火星冲日的时间,你能否查找一下最近几次火星冲日前后几天,市场的表现如何?

2001年06月13日 17:45 0.4556 -26°30′
2003年08月28日 17:58 0.3728 -15°49′
2005年11月07日 07:57 0.4700 +15°54′
2007年12月24日 19:46 0.5929 +26°46′
2010年01月29日 19:42 0.6644 +22°09′
2012年03月04日 20:10 0.6741 +10°16′
2014年04月08日 21:03 0.6209 -05°08′

股氏春秋2 发表于 2016-5-17 13:13

好的 老师{:7_309:}

2010年1月29日   3日后见2890低点   构筑最后的跳水平台(3181)
2012年3月4日       次日下跌               位于2478平台顶部
2014年4月9日       次日顶部2146点      牛市前最后一次下跌

xingjw 发表于 2016-5-17 13:47

由观点地产新媒体主办的“2016城市观点论坛北京行”于5月17日在北京举行,主题为“资产的时代”。著名经济学家、中国农业银行首席经济学家向松祚在论坛上的发言实录:

向松祚:谢谢主持人,谢谢陈诗涛邀请我来参加这个活动,各位嘉宾大家上午好。我这个人是最不喜欢谈命题作文的,但是陈诗涛给我出了一个题目,从CPI来看经济回暖和房地产走势。我想我的大师兄陈淮教授刚才已经谈到房地产走势了,所以房地产走势我就不谈了,我谈谈从银行的角度来看看宏观经济的看法。我谈三个基本的看法:

第一的看法也是我想提出的一个问题,今天我们对中国的宏观经济好像很担心,很焦虑,担心的到底是什么?焦虑的到底是什么?我们看看我们的宏观数据,今年一季度增长6.7%。我看了一下最新世界各国发布的数据,这个6.7%在全世界是NO.1,没有哪个国家比中国增长速度更高,即使我们把这些水分都扣掉,哪怕我们的经济增长速度下滑到6.5%,甚至6%,在全世界仍然是最高的吗?我们到底担心什么?我想在座的各位也要思考这个问题,好像我们都非常的焦虑,非常的担忧,我们担忧什么?我想我们今天所担忧的可能不是这个宏观的数据,我们今天的担忧是什么,我们今天担忧的是中国经济的结构性矛盾。比如说我们很多的传统制造业确实是非常的困难,银行的数据看得非常清楚。钢铁、煤炭、光伏、电解铝、水泥,这些行业我想银行很难去回避这个矛盾。很多行业里面的企业还本付息就是有问题,钢铁企业、煤炭企业现在确实有很多企业无法按时还本付息,但是这个行业里面另外一些行业非常好,但是另外一些行业又非常糟糕。刚才谈房地产,北京、上海、深圳、杭州这么好,但是很多的三线城市、四线城市,东三省城市、西北部城市可能很多情况是相当令人忧心,这是区域结构性问题。

还有收入差距的问题,昨天中央财政领导小组的会议,专门谈到如何增加中等收入阶层的人数,要解决这个平均分化收入差距的问题,也就是说我们今天中国有大量的富人,现在不是有一个数据说中国的富豪已经超过美国了吗?资产10亿还是多少以上的叫富豪,超级富豪人数已经超过美国,但是中国可能仍然有至少一两亿的非常非常贫穷的人,这是叫做社会群体之间的差距,这个结构性矛盾是非常严峻的。

当然,还有一个结构性矛盾,这个结构性矛盾就是虚拟经济和实体经济,我们今天可以看到,我们有很多的货币,其实并没有流入到实体经济,它流入到虚拟经济,流入到投机炒作里面去了。我们这些年的货币扩张非常的快,数量非常的庞大,但是为什么我们今天还在说实体经济融资难、融资贵?我经常说,我们的货币信贷量虽然非常大,但是结构极其不合理。我说过三多三少的问题,银行每年都有很详细的统计数据,可以看出来三多三少的问题这么多年没有解决,而且不仅没有解决,还更加在恶化。什么叫三多三少?国有大企业拿的信贷资金太多,现在国有大企业差不多仍然拿走了整个信贷资金的接近50%,第二个就是传统制造业,第三个是房地产。所以我很不同意有很多房地产行业内部的人士说房地产行业缺欠,说钱不够。我有一次主持博鳌房地产论坛,我问很多房地产大佬,我说你们最大的问题是什么,最后异口同声的说缺钱。人民银行公布的数据,房地产这个行业差不多拿走了全部社会融资,我刚才讲的国有企业是银行贷款,现在讲的是社会融资的概念,根据人民银行的统计数据,房地产这一个行业拿走了整个社会融资的总量的41%,当然我们在座的房地产大佬们说房地产对经济的贡献大,贡献有多大?房地产行业确实是中国的支柱性行业,但是你别忘了,对经济的贡献达到21%,但是你拿走了社会融资的41%。

所以我们今天对中国经济的担心和焦虑,主要不是在所有的6.7%还是6.6%还是6.5%,我们是结构性的矛盾,是结构性的失衡,是结构性的脆弱,是结构性的风险。就好像一个人去医院体检,查血压,查各种指标,好像这些指标都没事儿,有很多人就是这样,查这些指标没事儿,但是就是觉得身体不舒服,可能是你的内在结构失衡了,这个指标反应不出来。

所以我想我们今天怎么去认识中国经济的问题,我讲的第一个观点,我们今天对中国经济的认识,必须要从总量的数据转到结构性的矛盾,如果我们不去重视这些结构性的矛盾,我不能说中国经济崩溃,现在说中国经济什么崩溃、硬着陆,那在政治上是错误的,不能说这个话。但是崩溃有不同的方式,硬着陆有不同的方式,风险总会有人承担,这种结构性的风险,这种结构性的矛盾一旦爆发出来,一旦暴露出来,谁来承担这个风险?所以我衷心的希望大家去仔细的研究。

前几天人民日报权威人士对中国经济的分析判断,我认为这个分析判断是很中肯,很客观的。果不其然,在这篇文章里面他已经预测了,他说过几天中央还要专题研究供给侧改革,昨天新闻联播中央财经领导小组最新一次的会议,专门研究供给侧的改革,讲的非常非常的清楚,中国经济今天的主要的矛盾,矛盾的主要方面就是结构性的问题。这里面大家注意,昨天这个新闻公告里面这些话,我认为讲的是非常非常严厉的,实际上对供给侧结构改革很不满意,然后专门讲到四句话,不能因为包袱重而等待,不能因为困难多而不作为,不能因为有风险而躲避,不能因为有阵痛而不前。所以为什么刚才我在讨论房地产的时候,请教我的大师兄,请教黎总,为什么中央下这么大的决心提“三去一降一补”,难道中央判断错了吗?而且这个判断不是最近刚提的,已经提了两三年了,所以我们今天判断中国经济政策的走向,或者我们判断中国经济的问题,我觉得应该回到,或者应该统一到如何解决中国经济结构性的失衡,或者叫结构性的矛盾。昨天的会议里面专门讲到供给侧结构性的改革,说的非常清楚,要减少无效供给,扩大有效供给,我想对于我们每一个行业来讲,都应该很认真的去思考这个问题。而且说的很清楚,当前必须要重点推进“三去一降一补”。去产能、去库存、去杠杆。所以中国经济的问题,不是增长速度CPI多少、MR多少、GDP多少,这些大而化之的数据是一个平均数,这个平均数掩盖了内在的结构性的大麻烦,这个话我想已经讲到顶了,已经是最严厉的用词。所以我认为中国经济从某种意义上来讲,确实我们处在一个非常关键的阶段,从我们商业银行来看,现在商业银行说的很直白一点,那个快速增长的好日子已经一去不复返了。

第二,所谓的CPI并不能反映中国真正的通胀情况,我从来不同意统计学的CPI能够反映中国通胀的情况。原因很简单,因为这个通胀它的大部分的构成要素是制造业的产品,但是真正现在影响老百姓生活的最重要的几大因素其实并没有包括进去,或者在里面包括的因素非常小。比如说房地产、教育、医疗,这些因素在CPI里面根本没有得到任何的反映,它能够反映通胀吗?我们学经济学,其实古典经济学对通胀的定义是对的,古典经济学角度讲的人们生活的指数,或者叫生活的痛苦指数的变化程度,不是所谓的CPI,我们今天的CPI2.3%,按照中国的情况来讲就是通缩了,但是我们谈通胀不能只谈那几个行业,不能只谈传统制造业,不能只谈工业产品,老百姓的生活。我相信我们今天平心而论,今天老百姓从城镇到农村,生活压力最大的不是买一个苹果手机,也不是买个汽车,而是能不能买到一个像样的房子,能不能上到一个像样的幼儿园、小学、中学和大学,得病以后能不能有一个好的方便的医疗服务,这才是今天影响老百姓生活最严峻的最麻烦的问题。看病难、看病贵、上学难、上学贵。

刚才大师兄提到北京的学区房,那绝对是极其荒谬的,全世界很难看到这样的现象,全世界都有这样的现象,但是像北京这样极端的也是不多的,但是我们要换句话说为什么中国没有那么多好的小学、幼儿园呢?全国几乎很多城市房子盖的非常的漂亮,但是你在这些房子中间找不到一个像样的幼儿园,找不到一个像样的诊所,这不是很奇怪的现象吗?所以在这个大的背景下,CPI怎么能够反映真正的通胀?实际上真正的通胀,如果把这些因素考虑进去,绝对不是2.3%,今天我们用这个数据去街上问老百姓,说中国的数据没有通胀,你说老百姓相信吗?所以我们必须要综合的考虑中国现在的这种货币信贷高速扩张,大规模扩张这种背景下所隐含的极其严重的通胀问题,虽然CPI没有反映,但是现实是非常残酷的,何况我们今天的CPI也部分反映了通胀,我们的食品涨了7.4%,如果单看食品这一块,7.4%已经是相当严峻的通胀了。对低收入阶层,低收入老百姓的影响是不容忽视的。所以我们靠这种大规模的货币扩张、货币刺激、信贷刺激来稳增长,能稳的下去吗?弄不好我可以非常严肃的警告,中国弄不好有可能出现严重的通胀,这绝对不是危言耸听,如果我们相信经济还有规律的话这就不是危言耸听。

第三个观点,中国今天面临最大的风险之一就是高杠杆的风险。高杠杆就是高负债,高杠杆多少杠杆是高?我刚才请教大师兄,请教黎总。当然没有一个明确的标准,大师兄陈淮说问的对,但是我想几百年以来全世界这么多国家有一个一致的经验,无论是个人还是企业还是政府,如果你的杠杆率不断地在加大,不断地在升高,总有一天你会出大麻烦。我们今天的高杠杆有各种数据可以衡量,非金融公司、非金融企业的全部负债,占GDP的比例早已超过240%,这是官方的数据,其他很多机构也估算过这个数据,所谓非金融部门就是政府的负债、个人的负债加上企业的负债,这三大负债的总额早已超过GDP的240%。光我们现在银行贷款的余额已经100万个亿了,MR140万个亿。

我们这样过去这么多年依靠这样的高杠杆、高信贷剧烈的扩张,一方面搞出庞大的过剩产能,一方面很多行业出现严重的泡沫,一方面出现了一些通胀,现在怎么办?各位都知道,我们现在全部商业银行体系的不良贷款在今年一季度都突破了2%,但是我可以告诉各位,2%是大大低估了银行的不良贷款(评:农行首席说不良率大大被低估,这是要咋自己的饭碗啊!银行股的投资者们你们害怕了吗?你们难道比农行首席更清楚不良率吗?)。很多都是通过调胀,通过涨息,通过所谓的重组,把不良贷款暂时掩盖住了。光86家钢铁企业,负债总额3.3万亿,其中绝大部分都是银行贷款,很多钢铁企业动辄就是几百亿,甚至上千亿,几千亿。我想这种风险时间关系我不展开去说,很多的例子,总有一天大家要承担。很不幸的是这种风险的承担,最终可能又是由中国的老百姓来承担,那不就是通胀吗?所以提出债转股的时候好像媒体采访我要我写文章,我是非常明确的反对什么债转股?我说一个公司,一个企业,他借钱的时候不能按时还本付息,现在银行转过来变成他的股东,他能够给银行分红吗?玩这种把戏,很欣慰的这一次人民日报的权威人士也等于是否定了债转股,僵尸企业该退出的就得退出,该破产的就得破产,这种痛苦今天不想承担未来的痛苦只会更大。当有一天我们银行的资本被不良贷款,被坏账全部吃掉的时候怎么办?政府的银行是不会垮掉的,谁来补充资本金?补充资本金只有财政部拿钱,再发债,那么就是无中生有,那么就是由广大的老百姓来承担今天的银行坏账。

所以我想今天我们所有的关系中国经济的朋友,都应该从这个层面来真正认识中国经济的问题,要放弃这种货币信贷万能主义的思维。当然,我们有一些企业家都是希望货币进一步的宽松,信贷进一步的宽松,他们好套现走人。有内地遗民,已经用外国身份,现在就等着钱转移出去了。这种高杠杆、高负债的风险总要以一种方式体现出来,今天中国房价如此之高,客观来讲,人民币就面临贬值的压力,因为道理很简单,一个国家内部出现资产价格的泡沫,出现通胀,你的货币必然贬值,要么你的货币贬值,要么资产价格调整,这是一个简单的常识问题(评:所有的问题都是常识问题,关键在于TG不敢面对,因为只有彻底的改革才能解决问题,但彻底的改革就会动摇执政的基础!)。现在很多人讨论,到底中国选哪一条路,是选择货币贬值还是选择资产价值大幅下调,还是这两者都选择一部分。我想这个调整是不可避免的,这样的高杠杆、高负债的风险是中国今天面临的最大的麻烦。这一次人民日报的权威人士也讲的很清楚,有人讲中国经济面临两难,我们确实面临最大的两难,我们必须去杠杆,但是去杠杆就必须放弃或者部分放弃所谓的稳增长。这一次明确的结论,去杠杆必须要去,就是一难两难变一难就是下决心去杠杆、去负债。所以说的很清楚,僵尸企业该退出就要退出,银行该收债就要收债,不要通过什么债转股,又在玩这么把戏。

所以这一次最后回到昨天财经频道小组会议,不能因为包袱重而等待,不能因为有困难而不作为,不能因为有风险而躲避,不能因为有阵痛而不前,我想这是下了最大的决心了。所以我们都应该从这个角度来思考中国未来经济政策的走向,谢谢各位。

股氏春秋2 发表于 2016-5-17 13:51

历史上冲于5月底的没有,比较接近的是2001年6月份发生的,那个可是大顶啊!!!!

XYP318318 发表于 2016-5-17 14:04

学习!好帖!

XYP318318 发表于 2016-5-17 14:04

学习!好帖!
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